Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs include medications such as citalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine. Withdrawal symptoms can include:
- stomach cramps
- flu-like symptoms
- dizziness
- ringing in the ears
- difficulty with movement
- seeing, hearing, or smelling something that is not there
A person may also experience symptoms that make it feel as though depression is returning. These may include:
- anxiety
- mood swings
- suicidal thoughts
- mania
- poor concentration
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs):
MAOIs include medications such as phenelzine, selegiline, and isocarboxazid. Withdrawal symptoms can include:
- disrupted sleep
- feeling agitated or irritable
- hallucinations
- feeling very tired
- difficulty thinking
- feeling unsteady or having difficulty moving
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs):
TCA medications include amitriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine among others. Withdrawal symptoms can include:
- low blood pressure
- flu-like symptoms
- anxiety
- difficulty sleeping
- feeling restless
- fast or irregular heartbeat
Antidepressants are not addictive, so it is not an actual withdrawal. Addiction means that a person is reliant on something to the point of lacking control and not being able to stop taking it, even if it is causing harm. This usually occurs with a substance such as alcohol or specific drugs.
For this reason, the medical term for the withdrawal reaction to stopping antidepressants is antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.
It can be both emotionally and physically challenging to stop taking antidepressants. A person may worry that symptoms of depression will return.
How to relieve symptoms
Withdrawal symptoms usually appear within a day of stopping an antidepressant. Being aware of the possible withdrawal symptoms can help a person to prepare for them. In some cases, severe withdrawal symptoms may make it necessary to take some time off work.
Choosing a suitable time to stop taking antidepressants can help with withdrawal. A person may be more at risk of a relapse of depression during periods of stress or emotional difficulty.
It is possible to treat flu-like symptoms in the same way as a typical bout of the illness. Drinking plenty of fluids, getting rest, and staying warm can all help. Taking pain relievers to ease any discomfort is usually safe, but it is advisable to check with a doctor first.
The symptoms of tiredness, disrupted sleep, and irritation can make everyday activities more difficult. Planning a quieter few days while stopping antidepressants can reduce stress.
It can be difficult to tell the difference between discontinuation symptoms and relapse. If a person is concerned that depression is returning, they might wish to seek medical advice. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe medication to help with withdrawal symptoms.
Discontinuation symptoms should not last for more than 2 weeks. Having a good support network in place or someone understanding to talk to during this time can be beneficial.
Getting sufficient rest, eating well, and doing exercise can reduce symptoms for some people.